Alveolar and/ or microvascular destruction reduce the surface area for gas exchange and lower the TLCO and K CO, the commonest causes being emphysema, diffuse parenchymal lung disease (diffuse alveolar damage), and selective microvascular pathology.ĭuring breath-holding, the disappearance of oxygen from alveolar gas depends upon:Ī) passive diffusion (down a concentration gradient) across the alveolar-capillary membranes, plasma and red cell membrane called the membrane conductance (D M).ī) chemical combination with haemoglobin (Hb) the reactive conductance The TLCO and K CO assess the integrity of the gasexchanging part of the lung. The measurement of the transfer factor for carbon monoxide ( TLCO) and the K CO is one of the most useful measurements to be made in the Pulmonary Function Laboratory. Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus The measurement of the transfer factor for carbon monoxide and its clinical interpretationĬlinical Interpretation of Transfer Factor (TLCO) Measurements
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